Category: Illicit Drug Markets

Barratt, M. J., Potter, G. R., Wouters, M., Wilkins, C., Werse, B., Perälä, J., Pederson, M. M., Nyugen, H., Malm, A., Lenton, S., Korf, D., Klein, A., Heyde, J., Hakkarai, P., Asmussen, V., Tom, F., Decorte, T., Bouchard, M., & Blok, T. (2015). Lessons from conducting trans-national Internet-mediated participatory research with hidden populations of cannabis cultivators. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(3), 238-249.

| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

Background: Internet-mediated research methods are increasingly used to access hidden populations. The International Cannabis Cultivation Questionnaire (ICCQ) is an online survey designed to facilitate international comparisons into the relatively under-researched but increasingly significant phenomenon of domestic cannabis cultivation. The Global Cannabis Cultivation Research Consortium has used the ICCQ to survey over 6000 cannabis cultivators across 11…

Gallupe, O., Bouchard, M. (2015). The influence of positional and experienced social benefits on the relationship between peers and alcohol use. Rationality and Society, 27, 40-69.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

An assumption of peer influence research is that being connected to an alcohol-using peer group is associated with personal alcohol use. However, most research assesses peer influence through simply counting the number of peers involved in a particular behavior or the amount of that behavior within a person’s peer group. Rarely considered is the fact…

Potter, G., Barrat, M., Malm, A., Bouchard, M. et al. (2015). Global patterns of domestic cannabis cultivation: a comparison of sample characteristics and patterns of growing across eleven countries. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 226-237.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

This article aims to provide an overview of: demographic characteristics; experiences with growing cannabis; methods and scale of growing operations; reasons for growing; personal use of cannabis and other drugs; participation in cannabis and other drug markets; contacts with the criminal justice system for respondents to an online survey about cannabis cultivation drawn from eleven…

Barratt, M. J., Potter, G., Bouchard, M., Blok, T., Christensen, A., Decorte, T., Frank, V., Hakkarainen, P., Klein, A., Lenton, S., Malm, A.E., Perala, J., Werse, B. and Wouters, M. (2015). Trans-national internet-mediated participatory research with hidden populations: Lessons from the ICCQ. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 238-249.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

Internet-mediated research methods are increasingly used to access hidden populations. The International Cannabis Cultivation Questionnaire (ICCQ) is an online survey designed to facilitate international comparisons into the relatively under-researched but increasingly significant phenomenon of domestic cannabis cultivation. The Global Cannabis Cultivation Research Consortium has used the ICCQ to survey over 6000 cannabis cultivators across 11…

Nguyen, H., Malm, A., Bouchard, M. (2015). Production, perception, and punishment: Restrictive deterrence in the context of cannabis cultivation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 267-276.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

American authorities have invested extraordinary resources to keep up with the growth in cannabis cultivation, and state-level cannabis laws have been changing rapidly. Despite these changes, little research on the relationship between criminal justice sanctions and grower behaviours exist, in particular research that examines restrictive deterrence – the altering of an illegal behaviour as opposed…

Athey, N., Bouchard, M., Decorte, T., Frank, V., Hakkarainen, P. (2013). Cannabis Cultivation and Detection: A Comparative Study of Belgium, Finland, and Denmark. Drugs: Education, Prevention, Policy, 20, 203-215.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

Research on cannabis cultivation has identified several factors associated with a grower’s likelihood of detection by law enforcement. However, these studies are difficult to compare, as they drew from different data sources and methods, and have focused on only one geographical location. This article revisits the issue of detection using a large sample of cannabis…

Athey, N., Bouchard, M. (2013). The BALCO scandal: The social structure of a steroid distribution network. Global Crime, 14, 217-237.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets

The current study revisits the notorious Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative (BALCO) scandal involving the production and distribution of an undetectable anabolic-androgenic steroid to professional athletes from late 1990s until 2003. Multiple sources are reviewed to re-create the social structure of BALCO and examine whether it formed a close-knit community or instead multiple communities defined around…

Nguyen, H., Bouchard, M. (2013). Need, connections, or competence? Criminal achievement among adolescent offenders. Justice Quarterly, 30, 44-83.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets, Selected - Illicit Drug Markets

Variations in criminal performance have been much less explored than other parameters of criminal careers. We explore the factors associated with differential criminal achievement in a sample of 154 adolescent offenders involved in cannabis cultivation. Drawing from theories of earnings attainment, we examine the role of drug use, criminal social capital and criminal human capital…

Bouchard, M., Beauregard, E., Kalacska, M. (2013). Journey to grow: Linking process to outcome in target site selection for cannabis cultivation. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50, 33-52.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Illicit Drug Markets, Selected - Illicit Drug Markets

The objective of this study was to test whether there is a relationship between characteristics of the journey to an outdoor cannabis cultivation site and the total number of plants grown. Spatial data on the location of a sample of 132 cultivation sites derived from aerial detection policing efforts is used. TwoStep cluster analysis is…

Gallupe, O., Bouchard, M. (2013). Adolescent parties and substance use: A situational approach to peer influence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 162-171.

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| Categories: Academic papers, Selected - Illicit Drug Markets

This study takes a situational approach to testing criminogenic peer influence effects on substance use by examining audience characteristics at the last two parties that adolescents attended. We examine the applicability of situational approaches to social learning theory and symbolic interactionist perspectives on criminogenic peer group effects.We found that higher levels of substance use are…